Every figure on the Evidence page traces to a primary source. Here they all are: the peer-reviewed research, the public court record, and the aggregate lived-experience synthesis.
Each paper opens at the original source. The label on the left names the finding the paper carries on the Evidence page.
Butler, R., Johnson, W., & Côté, P. (2007). It Pays to be Nice: Employer-Worker Relationships and the Management of Back Pain Claims. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. doi:10.1097/jom.0b013e318032211d (opens in a new tab)
Franche, R.-L., Cullen, K., Clarke, J., Irvin, E., Sinclair, S., & Frank, J. (2005). Workplace-Based Return-to-Work Interventions: A Systematic Review of the Quantitative Literature. Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation. doi:10.1007/s10926-005-8038-8 (opens in a new tab)
Krause, N., et al. (2001). Psychosocial job factors and return-to-work after compensated low back injury. American Journal of Industrial Medicine. doi:10.1002/ajim.1112 (opens in a new tab)
Cullen, K. L., et al. (2017). Effectiveness of Workplace Interventions in Return-to-Work for Musculoskeletal, Pain-Related and Mental Health Conditions: An Update of the Evidence and Messages for Practitioners. Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation. doi:10.1007/s10926-016-9690-x (opens in a new tab)
Loh, M. Y., Dollard, M. F., & Friebel, A. (2024). Economic costs of poor PSC manifest in sickness absence and voluntary turnover. The Economic and Labour Relations Review, 35(3), 635 to 648. Read at Cambridge Core (opens in a new tab)
MacEachen, E., Kosny, A., Ferrier, S., & Chambers, L. (2010). The "Toxic Dose" of System Problems: Why Some Injured Workers Don't Return to Work as Expected. Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation. doi:10.1007/s10926-010-9229-5 (opens in a new tab)
Lippel, K. (2007). Workers describe the effect of the workers' compensation process on their health: a Quebec study. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry. doi:10.1016/j.ijlp.2007.06.013 (opens in a new tab)
Maiwald, K., et al. (2014). Policy on manager involvement in work re-integration: Managers' experiences in a Canadian setting. Work. doi:10.3233/wor-131727 (opens in a new tab)
Open each decision on CanLII, the free public record. This is evidence of why a standard is needed, not an attack list: company names appear only inside the public case citations.
Branco v. American Home Assurance Company and Zurich Life Insurance Company, 2015 SKCA 71 (opens in a new tab). Leave to appeal to the Supreme Court of Canada refused, 2016.
The third record is the aggregate lived experience of people who have moved through disability claims, drawn from public accounts and lived-experience research. We hold it in aggregate only: recurring themes, never a named, quoted, or profiled individual. We never scrape, name, quote, or profile a person. The themes are set out in full on the Evidence page.
That is the standard we hold ourselves to first.
Each paper is cited by author, journal, and DOI, so you can open the original and read it for yourself.
Every decision is confirmed against the public record on CanLII, the free public source.
Reported as recurring themes, never as identifiable individuals. We never scrape, name, quote, or profile a person.
Anyone can read it, cite it, and check it. We do not put the evidence behind a paywall.
The evidence is on the public record, in three places at once. If your work touches disability management, return to work, or workplace psychological safety, read the charter and add your name.
This page is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 (CC BY-SA 4.0) (opens in a new tab). Any worker, union, clinician, employer, insurer or practitioner may use, adapt and share it with attribution to NAPSDM, provided any adapted version carries the same licence and passes the same freedom on.
